Which is a direct benefit of specialisation for countries?

Specialisation allows countries to focus on producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage, leading to improved efficiency in production processes. When a nation specializes, it can allocate resources more effectively, optimizing its output and minimizing waste. This streamlined approach often results in economies of scale, where the cost per unit decreases as production increases due to higher levels of efficiency and output.

As production becomes more efficient, countries are able to produce goods at a lower average cost, which can enhance competitiveness in international markets. Additionally, improved efficiency can lead to innovation and technological advancements as firms strive to optimize their production methods further. This direct benefit helps boost economic performance, increase trade opportunities, and ultimately raise living standards within the country.

In contrast, reduction in international trade, lower levels of income taxes, and decreased competition are not direct benefits of specialisation; rather, they may occur due to other factors or economic policies that do not relate directly to the process of specialising in production.